A practical reference on quality control: what it is, how it behaves, what the literature reports, and where the honest uncertainties sit.
This page was last updated on 2026-06-11 and is reviewed periodically as new material appears.
AOD9604 is commonly supplied as a white to off-white lyophilized powder. The powder is typically stored at -20 °C or below, protected from light and moisture, because peptides can degrade through oxidation, hydrolysis, or aggregation. If it is reconstituted for laboratory use, an appropriate aqueous buffer or solvent is chosen, and the solution is kept cold and handled to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. These practices support stability but do not imply suitability for human use.
Identity and purity are usually assessed with reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Reversed-phase HPLC separates the peptide from related impurities and can estimate purity by ultraviolet absorbance, while mass spectrometry confirms the molecular mass and detects modifications. Peptide mapping, amino acid analysis, and disulfide mapping may be used when the sequence or disulfide arrangement must be verified. Because AOD9604 contains cysteine residues, oxidation and disulfide isomers are possible quality concerns in synthetic batches.
AOD-9604 is a synthetic peptide whose sequence matches the C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone, specifically residues 176 through 191. This region differs from the full hormone in its receptor interactions. The peptide is not a growth hormone secretagogue and does not bind the growth hormone receptor in the same manner. Researchers have examined it for effects on lipid metabolism, but its exact pharmacological profile remains an active area of study.
Development of AOD-9604 began in the 1990s as scientists sought to isolate metabolic effects of growth hormone without its growth-promoting actions. Early laboratory work focused on fat cells and animal models. Several human trials followed, examining changes in body composition and fat mass. Results have been mixed, and the peptide has not progressed to widespread clinical approval. Interest continues in research settings, particularly regarding its mechanism and potential metabolic targets.
Regulatory status varies by country. In the United States, AOD-9604 is not approved as a prescription drug. It is sometimes sold as a research chemical or dietary supplement, though such marketing may fall outside legal frameworks. The World Anti-Doping Agency prohibits its use in sport. Researchers must obtain it through legitimate suppliers and follow institutional rules. Its legal classification continues to evolve as authorities increasingly assess peptide products more broadly.
| Property | Value | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White to off-white powder | Lyophilized form; visual inspection |
| Solubility | Soluble in water and aqueous buffers | Depends on pH, purity, and counterion |
| Typical storage | -20 °C or below, desiccated | Protect from light; avoid repeated freeze-thaw after reconstitution |
| Common analytical method | Reversed-phase HPLC and mass spectrometry | Purity by HPLC; identity and mass by LC-MS or MALDI-TOF |
| Common synonyms | hGH fragment 176–191; AOD-9604 | Names vary in research and product labeling |
Analytical characterization of AOD-9604 typically employs reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) to assess purity and identity. Mass spectrometry provides confirmation of molecular mass, while amino acid analysis can verify composition. These methods are standard for peptide research chemicals. Because the peptide lacks a distinct chromophore, detection often relies on ultraviolet absorbance at 214 nm or mass spectrometric response. Laboratories may also use capillary electrophoresis for separation. For example, size-exclusion chromatography can detect aggregates.
Stability of AOD-9604 depends on storage conditions. Lyophilized powder is generally more stable than reconstituted solution. Recommended storage is typically at -20°C or lower, protected from light and moisture. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles can cause aggregation or degradation. In solution, the peptide may be susceptible to hydrolysis or oxidation, so aliquoting and cold storage are common practices. Researchers often add stabilizers such as mannitol or trehalose during lyophilization to improve shelf life.
Regulatory status: AOD-9604 is not approved as a therapeutic drug in the United States, European Union, or other major markets. It is listed by the World Anti-Doping Agency as a prohibited substance in sport, specifically under growth hormone fragments. Many jurisdictions restrict its sale for human consumption. Products marketed online may not meet pharmaceutical quality standards. The legal status varies by country and often depends on whether the material is presented as a research chemical, supplement, or drug.
Detection and characterization of AOD-9604 in research and anti-doping settings typically rely on mass spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography. These methods can identify the peptide by its mass and fragmentation pattern. Immunoassays may also be used in some screening contexts, but they can cross-react with related peptides. Because the molecule is small and may be present at low concentrations, sample preparation and method validation are important. Confirmatory analysis usually requires comparison with a certified reference standard.
The fragment includes residues that can form an internal disulfide bond between two cysteine positions. This structural feature can influence how the peptide folds and how stable it is in solution. AOD-9604 differs from full-length hGH in size and receptor interactions; it does not contain the entire growth hormone sequence. Published descriptions sometimes use slightly different residue numbering, so sequence information should be checked against primary sources. The molecule is small compared with intact hGH, which affects analytical detection and purification approaches.
Interest in AOD-9604 arose from attempts to separate metabolic effects from growth effects attributed to hGH. Early work explored whether the fragment could influence lipolysis or fat oxidation without promoting growth. Those questions remain partly unresolved because human data are limited and results have varied across studies. The peptide is not a hormone replacement for hGH and is not equivalent to hGH in clinical use. Its research history includes both laboratory studies and commercial marketing claims that are not the same as regulatory approval.
AOD-9604 has been investigated mainly in the context of body fat and metabolic endpoints. Some early animal and small human studies reported changes in fat mass or lipid markers, but findings were not uniform. Larger, well-controlled trials that would establish efficacy are lacking in the public literature. As a result, claims about weight loss or metabolic benefit remain investigational rather than established. The distinction between a research finding and a proven clinical outcome is central to discussing this peptide.
Regulatory bodies have taken different approaches to AOD-9604. It is not approved as a prescription medicine by major agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration or the European Medicines Agency. In sport, the World Anti-Doping Agency prohibits peptide hormones, growth factors, and related substances, and AOD-9604 has been treated as a prohibited substance. These regulatory decisions reflect concerns about safety, efficacy, and potential misuse rather than proof of benefit.
Research on AOD-9604 also examines how the peptide is measured in biological samples. Analytical methods may include liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, immunoassays, or both. Detection can be challenging because the peptide is small and may be present at low concentrations. Published methods vary in sensitivity and specificity, so comparative interpretation requires attention to validation details. The presence of related hGH fragments can complicate identification in some matrices.
== Gemeindegliederung == Die Gemeinde Pertoltice besteht aus den Ortsteilen Budkovice, Chlístovice, Laziště, Machovice, Milanovice und Pertoltice. Grundsiedlungseinheiten sind Chlístovice, Laziště, Machovice, Milanovice und Pertoltice. Zu Pertoltice gehören außerdem die Einschichten Fiolník und Kyselův Mlýn. Das Gemeindegebiet gliedert sich in die Katastralbezirke Chlístovice u Pertoltic, Laziště u Pertoltic, Machovice, Milanovice und Pertoltice u Zruče nad Sázavou.
Plotiště nad Labem (deutsch Plotischt, 1939–45 Zaunfeld) ist ein Ortsteil der Stadt Hradec Králové in Tschechien. Er liegt drei Kilometer nordwestlich des Stadtzentrums von Hradec Králové und gehört zum Okres Hradec Králové. In der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts war Plotiště nad Labem ein bedeutender Maschinenbaustandort.
== Geographie == Plotiště nad Labem erstreckt sich rechtselbisch in der Východolabská tabule (Tafelland an der östlichen Elbe). Durch das Dorf fließt der Bach Melounka, der am Ortsrand in den Elbgraben (Labský náhon) mündet. Die östliche Gemarkungsgrenze bildet die Bahnstrecke Pardubice–Liberec; westlich des Dorfes verläuft die Silnice I/33/E 67 zwischen Hradec Králové und Smiřice, dahinter liegt die Industriebrache des ČKD-Motorenwerkes Plotiště. Am südlichen Ortsrand führen die Silnice I/35/E 442 zwischen Hradec Králové und Hořice sowie die Bahnstrecke Chlumec nad Cidlinou–Międzylesie entlang. Gegen Süden befindet sich der Hauptbahnhof. Nachbarorte sind Neděliště und Předměřice nad Labem im Norden, Správčice und Rusek im Nordosten, Kydlinov und Plácky im Osten, Pražské Předměstí im Süden, Svobodné Dvory im Südwesten, Chaloupky und Bříza im Westen sowie Všestary und Světí im Nordwesten.
Sources: de.wikipedia.org
== Geschichte == Archäologische Funde belegen eine frühzeitliche Besiedlung der Gegend. Aus dem Jungpaläolithikum vor ca. 25.000 Jahren wurden Schaber aus Feuerstein und knöcherne Artefakte aufgefunden. Eine weitere Besiedlung ist in der Frühbronzezeit durch Siedlungsgruben mit Ablagerungen sowie Gräbern mit Beigaben aus Bronze und Bernsteinperlen nachweislich; zu dieser Zeit führte eine Handelsroute aus der Gegend von Náchod durch den Grenzwald ins Landesinnere. Ende der 1970er, Anfang der 1980er Jahre wurden auf den Feldern einige reich ausgestattete germanische Gräber aus der Eisen- und der Römerzeit aufgefunden. Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung als obec Poddanoplotišťská erfolgte 1225, als König Ottokar I. Přemysl das Dorf der Stadt Hradec Králové im Zuge ihrer Erhebung zur Königsstadt schenkte. Die geistlichen Aufgaben nahmen die Minoriten vom Kloster Johannes des Täufers neben der Burg wahr. Nach der Einnahme von Hradec Králové durch die Orebiten ließ König Sigismund die Stadt im Juni 1420 mit ca. 10.000 Mann belagern, die ihr Lager für vier Wochen in Plotiště aufschlugen. Der Versuch, die Hussiten und insbesondere ihren Prediger Ambrož Hradecký aus der Stadt zu vertreiben, schlug fehl. Nachdem König Sigismund die Stadt zurückgewinnen konnte, verpfändete er sie 1437 einschließlich der Rychta und des Dorfes Plotiště seiner Frau Barbara von Cilli als Sicherheit für die Morgengabe.
Sources: de.wikipedia.org
Lyophilized AOD9604 is generally kept at -20 °C or colder, desiccated, and protected from light. Reconstituted solutions are usually refrigerated and handled to minimize repeated freeze-thaw cycles. These are general laboratory handling practices, not instructions for human use.
Mass spectrometry, such as LC-MS or MALDI-TOF, confirms the molecular mass and can reveal sequence-related impurities. Reversed-phase HPLC is used for purity, and peptide mapping or amino acid analysis can support sequence identity. No single method establishes every quality attribute.
No. AOD9604 is a short synthetic fragment of the hGH sequence, not the full 191-amino-acid hormone. It lacks the regions that mediate hGH receptor activation and growth-promoting effects. Products labeled as AOD9604 should not be assumed to have the same properties as hGH.
AOD-9604 is a synthetic peptide fragment of human growth hormone, corresponding to amino acids 176-191. It is studied for potential effects on fat metabolism, but it is not approved as a drug in most countries. Its exact mechanism remains under investigation.